How It Is Calculated
This calculator estimates the energy consumption and cost of running one or more identical electrical appliances. The calculation follows these steps:
- Convert the power from watts to kilowatts: PkW = PW / 1000.
- Adjust for efficiency: Peff = PkW / (E / 100), where E is the efficiency percentage.
- Compute daily energy per unit: Eday,unit = Peff × H, where H is hours used per day.
- Total daily energy for all units: Eday = Eday,unit × N, where N is the number of units.
- Weekly energy: Eweek = Eday × D, where D is days used per week.
- Yearly energy: Eyear = Eweek × 52 × (M / 12), where M is months used per year.
- Monthly energy: Emonth = Eyear / M.
- Daily cost: Cday = Eday × R, where R is the electricity rate in $/kWh.
- Monthly cost: Cmonth = Emonth × R.
- Yearly cost: Cyear = Eyear × R.
Eday = (PW / 1000) / (E / 100) × H × N
Eyear = Eday × D × 52 × (M / 12)
Cmonth = (Eyear / M) × R
Assumptions
- The appliance runs at constant power during the hours entered.
- The efficiency factor accounts for all electrical and mechanical losses.
- There are 52 weeks in a year.
- The months per year input represents the number of months the appliance is used, and usage is evenly distributed across those months.
- The electricity rate is constant and does not include tiered pricing, time-of-use rates, or taxes.
- The calculator does not account for standby power, power factor, or demand charges.
- Typical US electricity rate is $0.12/kWh (check your utility bill for exact rate).
Worked Example
Suppose you have a 1000 W appliance used 4 hours per day, 7 days per week, 12 months per year, with an electricity rate of $0.12/kWh, 1 unit, and 100% efficiency.
- Power in kW: 1000 / 1000 = 1 kW.
- Effective power: 1 / (100/100) = 1 kW.
- Daily energy per unit: 1 × 4 = 4 kWh.
- Total daily energy: 4 × 1 = 4 kWh.
- Weekly energy: 4 × 7 = 28 kWh.
- Yearly energy: 28 × 52 × (12/12) = 1456 kWh.
- Monthly energy: 1456 / 12 = 121.33 kWh.
- Daily cost: 4 × 0.12 = $0.48.
- Monthly cost: 121.33 × 0.12 = $14.56.
- Yearly cost: 1456 × 0.12 = $174.72.
Practical Tips
- Check your appliance’s nameplate or manual for the actual wattage; many devices list it in watts or amps.
- For appliances that cycle on and off (like refrigerators), estimate the average running hours per day rather than using the full 24 hours.
- If your utility has time-of-use rates, consider running high-power appliances during off-peak hours to save money.
- Use the power factor correction calculator to see if improving power factor reduces your bill.
- For large appliances, the three-phase power calculator can help if you have a three-phase supply.
- To ensure safe wiring, the cable size calculator can help you choose the right cable for your appliance.